Question 1

Which molecule donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the highest energy level?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 2

What is the immediate source of energy used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 3

During the citric acid cycle, which molecule is regenerated to allow the cycle to continue?

Accepted Answer

Oxaloacetate

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the path of electrons during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Question 5

What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 6

How many NADH molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 7

Which process produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 8

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 9

Which of the following is a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Sulfate ($$SO_4$$^{2-}$$)

Question 10

What is the main difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain, while fermentation does not.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why less ATP is produced in anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

The terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration are less electronegative than oxygen.

Question 12

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They relay electrons from food to the electron transport chain.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2 + 2 = 4$$

Question 14

Which step in cellular respiration is directly responsible for the majority of ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP

Question 16

If a poison inhibits the function of ATP synthase, which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

Which of the following is a common product of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 18

Which equation best represents the overall reaction for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 19

A patient is exposed to cyanide, which blocks the transfer of electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain. What is the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation will cease.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the citric acid cycle is considered a cycle?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates oxaloacetate, which combines with acetyl CoA to start the cycle again.

Cellular Respiration: Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, and Anaerobic Processes

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