$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

$$0.135\ mL\ O_2$/h/g$$\ (\frac{4.5\ mL}{200\ g \times \frac{1}{6}\ h} = 0.135)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 2

Why are potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellets used in the rat respiration experiment?

Accepted Answer

To absorb carbon dioxide produced during respiration, preventing it from affecting water levels

Question 3

In the experiment measuring oxygen consumption, which three units are used to express respiration rates?

Accepted Answer

milliliters, grams, hours

Question 4

Why do smaller animals like hamsters have a higher oxygen consumption rate per gram than larger animals like elephants?

Accepted Answer

They lose heat more rapidly and require a higher metabolic rate to maintain body temperature

Question 5

During the plant embryo experiment, what does it indicate if phenol red turns yellow after exposure to the gases from germinating peas?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide was produced, making the solution acidic

Question 6

What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP and uses the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

In the yeast fermentation experiment, why does yeast produce more carbon dioxide with glucose than with starch?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a monosaccharide and can be directly used in glycolysis, while starch must first be hydrolyzed

Question 8

Which structure within the mitochondrion is primarily responsible for the production of ATP during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Cristae (folds of the inner membrane)

Question 9

If you were to repeat the germinating pea experiment with seeds that had not been soaked in water, what result would you expect and why?

Accepted Answer

No color change in phenol red, because dry seeds do not respire actively

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is regenerated from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue

Question 11

A rat in a respiration chamber consumes 4.5 mL of $$O_2 in 10 $$minutes and weighs 200 g. What is its oxygen consumption rate in $$mL\ O_2$/h/g$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.135\ mL\ O_2$/h/g$$\ (\frac{4.5\ mL}{200\ g 	imes \frac{1}{6}\ h} = 0.135)$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of yeast fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 13

Why is it important to remove all air from the neck of the fermentation tube in the yeast experiment?

Accepted Answer

To avoid a false positive result by ensuring only CO2 produced by fermentation is measured

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why boiled germinated peas do not change the color of phenol red in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

Boiling destroys the enzymes required for respiration, so no CO2 is produced

Question 15

Which process occurs in both aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 16

If a yeast culture is provided with only starch as a carbohydrate source, what must occur before fermentation can proceed efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Starch must be hydrolyzed to glucose by enzymes

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in yeast fermentation starting from starch?

Accepted Answer

Starch $$\rightarrow$$ Glucose $$\rightarrow$$ Pyruvate $$\rightarrow$$ Ethanol + CO$$_2$$

Question 18

Which part of the mitochondrion contains the enzymes for the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Question 19

Why does the rate of respiration not always correlate directly with the size of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic rate per gram decreases as organism size increases due to differences in surface area to volume ratio

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the cristae in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

In the yeast fermentation experiment, which tube would you expect to see the least amount of CO$$_2$$ bubbles after 20 minutes?

Accepted Answer

Water (diH$$_2O)$$

Cellular Respiration: Mechanisms, Measurement, and Applications

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