Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During DNA replication, new nucleotides are added to which functional group of the sugar molecule?

Accepted Answer

3' OH

Question 3

If the mRNA sequence is 5'-AUG-GUA-AGC-3', what is the corresponding amino acid sequence using the codon table?

Accepted Answer

Methionine-Valine-Serine

Question 4

Which strand of DNA serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Template strand

Question 5

What is the direction in which mRNA is synthesized during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 6

Which of the following is the start codon for translation?

Accepted Answer

AUG

Question 7

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5'-GAA-3' to 5'-GUA-3'. What effect does this have on the protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein sequence is different after the mutation.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the polarity of DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

New nucleotides are added to the 3' OH group.

Question 9

During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA in which direction?

Accepted Answer

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$

Question 10

Which of the following amino acids is encoded by the mRNA codon 5'-GUC-3'?

Accepted Answer

Valine

Question 11

If a polypeptide is made up of 5 amino acids, how many peptide bonds are present?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 13

A mutation in the beta-globin gene changes a polar, acidic amino acid to a nonpolar amino acid. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein may stick together to avoid water, causing disease.

Question 14

Which sequence initiates DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Origin

Question 15

What catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the coding strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It has the same sequence as mRNA except T instead of U.

Question 17

Which of the following is a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 18

During translation, which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 19

If the mRNA sequence is 5'-AUG-GUA-AGC-3', what is the anticodon sequence for the tRNA carrying valine?

Accepted Answer

3'-CAU-5'

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of a deletion mutation that removes one amino acid from a protein of 1480 amino acids?

Accepted Answer

The protein is shortened by one amino acid and may be nonfunctional.

Central Dogma, Replication, Transcription, and Translation Study Guide

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