Question 1

Which of the following organisms are classified as autotrophs and are capable of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Plants, multicellular algae, and cyanobacteria

Question 2

What is the primary function of the stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating gas exchange by allowing CO$$_2 to $$enter and O$$_2 to $$exit

Question 3

Which structure within the chloroplast is responsible for the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 4

The overall equation for photosynthesis is: $$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{Energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2. $$Which molecule is reduced and which is oxidized during this process?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2 is $$reduced; H$$_2O is $$oxidized

Question 5

During the light reactions, what is the fate of the electrons released from the splitting of water?

Accepted Answer

They are used to reduce NADP$$^+ to $$NADPH

Question 6

Which wavelengths of light are most effective in driving photosynthesis, according to the absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments?

Accepted Answer

Blue (430-470 nm) and red (660-680 nm)

Question 7

What is the role of carotenoids in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

They broaden the spectrum of light that can drive photosynthesis and provide photoprotection

Question 8

When a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon, what happens to its electron?

Accepted Answer

The electron moves to an excited state and may return to the ground state, releasing energy as heat or fluorescence

Question 9

Which photosystem functions first in the light reactions, and what is its special pair of chlorophyll molecules called?

Accepted Answer

Photosystem II; P680

Question 10

In the linear electron flow of the light reactions, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^+$$

Question 11

How is ATP generated during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

By photophosphorylation using a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane

Question 12

Which molecule acts as the enzyme that catalyzes carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco

Question 13

For the net synthesis of one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle, how many molecules of CO$$_2$$ must be fixed?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, which uses them to fix carbon

Question 15

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of leaves?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 16

What is the main product of the Calvin cycle that can be used to synthesize glucose and other organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

Question 18

A plant exposed to only green light will likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased photosynthetic rate, since green light is mostly reflected

Question 19

Which phase of the Calvin cycle requires the input of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration of RuBP

Question 20

If a mutation prevented the formation of NADPH during the light reactions, which process in the Calvin cycle would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to G3P

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis – The Process That Feeds the Biosphere

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