Question 1

The pink color of the waters in Laguna Salada de Torrevieja is primarily due to the presence of which type of organism, and what adaptation allows them to thrive in such an environment?

Accepted Answer

Halobacterium (an archaeon); their adaptation to high salt concentrations

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as revealed by Gram staining?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains crystal violet dye

Question 3

A scientist discovers a prokaryote that can survive in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Extreme thermophiles

Question 4

Which structure allows some prokaryotes to adhere to surfaces or to each other, and can also help pathogenic bacteria evade the host immune system?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 5

What is the main function of endospores in certain prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To survive harsh environmental conditions for extended periods

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan are more effective against Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer exposed to the environment

Question 7

A prokaryote is observed to move toward a chemical attractant. This behavior is known as:

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of a motor, hook, and filament, and evolved through exaptation

Question 9

Which process involves the uptake of foreign DNA from the environment by a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 10

A patient is infected with a bacterial strain that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which genetic element is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

R plasmid

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the nutritional mode of a bacterium that uses light for energy and organic compounds as a carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotroph

Question 12

Obligate anaerobes are prokaryotes that:

Accepted Answer

Are poisoned by oxygen and use fermentation or anaerobic respiration

Question 13

Nitrogen fixation is a process carried out by some prokaryotes. What is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

It converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, making nitrogen available to living organisms

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of metabolic cooperation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing cells in Anabaena exchanging metabolic products

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of genetic recombination in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 16

A researcher is studying a prokaryote that lives in the intestines of mammals and helps break down food. This relationship is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Question 17

Which of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can spread antibiotic resistance genes between different species of bacteria

Question 18

Which group of bacteria is thought to be the evolutionary ancestor of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Alpha proteobacteria

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes are considered 'masters of adaptation'?

Accepted Answer

They exhibit rapid reproduction, high mutation rates, and genetic recombination

Question 20

A patient develops a bacterial infection after an oil spill. Scientists use bacteria to help clean up the spill. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Bioremediation

Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea – Structure, Adaptation, and Diversity

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