Question 1

The thin, blue 'fingers' of the organism shown in the image are most likely adaptations for which function?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange and defense against predators

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the evolutionary significance of invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Invertebrates are basal animals and account for 95% of known animal species.

Question 3

Sponges are considered basal animals because they:

Accepted Answer

Lack true tissues and evolved from colonial choanoflagellate ancestors

Question 4

Which cell type in sponges is responsible for engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Choanocytes

Question 5

A compound called cribrostatin, isolated from marine sponges, is significant because it:

Accepted Answer

Can kill penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus bacteria

Question 6

Cnidarians possess a unique cell type called cnidocytes. What is the primary function of nematocysts within these cells?

Accepted Answer

Injecting poison and capturing prey

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why coral reefs are threatened by global warming?

Accepted Answer

Rising seawater temperatures exceed the narrow range in which corals can survive.

Question 8

Flatworms are classified as acoelomates. What does this mean regarding their body structure?

Accepted Answer

They lack a body cavity entirely.

Question 9

The excretory apparatus of flatworms consists of protonephridia. What is the main function of flame bulbs in this system?

Accepted Answer

Pulling fluid through branched ducts for osmoregulation

Question 10

Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. How do they obtain nutrients?

Accepted Answer

By absorbing nutrients directly across their body surface from the host

Question 11

Rotifers are pseudocoelomates. Which statement best describes their body cavity?

Accepted Answer

It is not fully lined with mesoderm.

Question 12

Bdelloid rotifers are unique among animals because they:

Accepted Answer

Have survived for millions of years without males, reproducing by parthenogenesis

Question 13

Which feature distinguishes lophophorate animals (ectoprocts and brachiopods) from flatworms and rotifers?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a true coelom completely lined with mesoderm

Question 14

Which adaptation allows terrestrial gastropods to breathe air?

Accepted Answer

Lining of the mantle cavity functioning as a lung

Question 15

Cephalopods are unique among molluscs because they:

Accepted Answer

Have a closed circulatory system and complex brain

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of arthropod species and total known animal species?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Arthropod species} = \frac{2}{3} 	imes 	ext{Total known animal species}$$

Question 17

The process of ecdysis in ecdysozoans refers to:

Accepted Answer

Molting of the external cuticle

Question 18

Which adaptation is responsible for the great success of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

Body segmentation, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

Question 19

Sea stars use their tube feet for locomotion and feeding. Which mechanism allows them to grip surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Adhesive chemicals secreted by tube feet

Question 20

Echinoderms exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults. What symmetry do their larvae possess?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral symmetry

Chapter 33: An Introduction to Invertebrates – Study Notes

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