Question 1

Which scientist first coined the term 'cell' after observing cork under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the internal structure of mitochondria in a liver cell. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 4

Why are most cells microscopic rather than macroscopic in size?

Accepted Answer

Because smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient transport of materials.

Question 5

Given a cube-shaped cell with a side length of 3 units, calculate its surface area-to-volume ratio. (Surface area = $$6a^2$$, Volume = $$a^3)$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{54}{27} = 2$$

Question 6

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

Which of the following is a feature unique to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid region

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes on rough ER

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, a disorder affecting lysosomal metabolism. What is the primary cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested materials in lysosomes

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export

Question 11

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 12

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 15

A researcher observes that a certain cell type has a large number of peroxisomes. What is a likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances

Question 16

Which type of cell junction prevents leakage of extracellular fluid across a layer of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows for simultaneous, specialized reactions in different organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Support, movement, and regulation

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional microfilaments. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape and movement

Chapter 4: The Cell – Structure, Function, and Microscopy

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