Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present from birth and provides rapid, nonspecific defense, while acquired immunity develops after exposure and provides specific defense.

Question 2

A patient is born without the ability to produce lysozyme in their secretions. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability to digest bacterial cell walls at external barriers.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of natural killer (NK) cells in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They trigger apoptosis in virus-infected and cancer cells.

Question 4

Refer to the third image (orange, hair-like structures). What is the primary function of these structures in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They are cilia that sweep mucus and trapped microbes out of the respiratory tract.

Question 5

Which process is illustrated in the fourth image (cell engulfing particles)?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis by a macrophage.

Question 6

A person receives a cut and the area becomes red, swollen, and warm. Which immune response is responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory response.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood lacks A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about MHC molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Class II MHC molecules are found on dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells, and present antigens to helper T cells.

Question 9

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

The proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes after binding to a specific antigen.

Question 11

A patient is exposed to a virus for the second time. Which of the following best explains why the immune response is faster and more efficient?

Accepted Answer

The presence of memory cells from the primary immune response.

Question 12

Which antibody class is most abundant in blood and can cross the placenta to confer passive immunity to a fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 13

A person is bitten by a venomous snake and receives an injection of antivenin. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct result of the complement system activation?

Accepted Answer

Lysis of invading cells and triggering inflammation.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a skin graft from one person is usually rejected by another?

Accepted Answer

The recipient's immune system recognizes the donor's MHC molecules as foreign.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells by secreting cytokines.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit viral reproduction and activate macrophages.

Question 18

A person with an autoimmune disease produces antibodies against their own tissues. Which process failed during lymphocyte development?

Accepted Answer

Removal of self-reactive lymphocytes by apoptosis.

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the possible combinations of B cell receptors generated by gene rearrangement, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$1.65 	imes 10^6$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation by dendritic cell → Activation of helper T cell → Activation of B cell → Clonal selection of B cell → Production of plasma cells and memory B cells

Chapter 43: The Immune System – Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

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