Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of glucose before it is broken down in cellular respiration.

Question 3

Why is an organism considered an open system?

Accepted Answer

It exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.

Question 4

Which statement best summarizes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created or destroyed.

Question 5

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens during every energy transfer or transformation?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is converted to thermal energy and lost as heat, increasing the entropy of the universe.

Question 6

Which equation correctly relates the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) to $$enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), entropy ($$\Delta S$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 7

A reaction has a $$\Delta G of -10 kJ/$$mol. What can you conclude about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is spontaneous and releases free energy.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes how ATP powers cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule, a process called phosphorylation.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are consumed during the reaction they catalyze.

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that is currently operating below its maximum rate?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the substrate concentration.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a shape and chemical environment complementary to the substrate.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway binds to an enzyme early in the pathway and decreases its activity.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme has an optimal temperature, and activity decreases above this temperature due to denaturation.

Question 14

A competitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes allosteric regulation of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A regulatory molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's activity.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the ATP cycle in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP is regenerated from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy from catabolic reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why breaking bonds in a chemical reaction does not release energy?

Accepted Answer

Breaking bonds requires energy input; energy is released when new bonds form if the products are of lower free energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cofactors in enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

They act as nonprotein helpers that are required for enzyme function.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios illustrates cooperativity in enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The binding of one oxygen molecule to hemoglobin increases the affinity for additional oxygen molecules.

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism – General Biology Study Notes

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