Question 1

Which of the following best defines metabolism in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions that manage material and energy resources.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy relevant to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Gravitational energy

Question 3

Nearly all energy available to living things on Earth ultimately comes from:

Accepted Answer

The Sun

Question 4

Which statement best describes the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 5

Which of the following reactions is an example of a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Digestive enzymes breaking down food molecules

Question 6

The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is:

Accepted Answer

Exergonic, because it releases energy ($$\Delta G \u003c 0)$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP couples exergonic and endergonic reactions, providing energy for cellular work.

Question 8

What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

ATP is converted to ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_A) of a $$reaction but do not change $$\Delta G.$$

Question 10

Which factor does NOT typically affect enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The color of the enzyme

Question 11

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and competing with the substrate.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids linking to form muscle protein

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate more snugly.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 16

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B6

Question 17

A reaction with $$\Delta G \u003e 0 is$$:

Accepted Answer

Endergonic and requires energy input

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme’s active site matches the substrate.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive the synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid and ammonia.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about allosteric regulation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A regulatory molecule binds to a site other than the active site, affecting enzyme activity.

Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism in Biological Systems

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