Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the gastrovascular cavity in flatworms, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

It serves as both a digestive and circulatory system, allowing nutrients and gases to diffuse directly to cells.

Question 2

In mammals, which heart chamber receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 3

Which direction does blood flow through the heart, as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

From the right atrium to the right ventricle, then to the lungs

Question 4

Which blood cell type is most numerous in human blood, as shown in the fourth and fifth images?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Question 5

What is the primary function of the cell shown in the sixth image (a white blood cell)?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against pathogens

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels, as depicted in the seventh image?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

During blood clotting, which protein is converted from its inactive form to form a solid clot, as shown in the eighth image?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 8

According to the ninth image, which blood pressure reading is considered hypertensive crisis?

Accepted Answer

180/120 mmHg or higher

Question 9

Which symptom is most commonly associated with a heart attack in females, as shown in the tenth image?

Accepted Answer

Mid-chest pain and pain in the jaw or neck

Question 10

What is the main function of the tracheal system in insects, as shown in the eleventh image?

Accepted Answer

Directly delivering oxygen to tissues via air tubes

Question 11

Why must the surface of the lungs remain moist, as shown in the twelfth and thirteenth images?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the diffusion of gases across cell membranes

Question 12

The surface area of human lungs is comparable to which real-world object, as shown in the fourteenth image?

Accepted Answer

A tennis court

Question 13

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing, as shown in the fifteenth image?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 14

Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries, as shown in the sixteenth image, involves which process?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 15

Which equation best represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$humans?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 16

If a patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL, what is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$5600\,mL/min$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

High LDL to HDL ratio

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma in blood?

Accepted Answer

Initiating immune responses

Question 19

Which step occurs first in the blood clotting cascade?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a platelet plug

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why diffusion is only efficient over small distances in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion rate decreases as distance increases, limiting efficiency in larger organisms

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems: Structure, Function, and Disease

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