Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme relieves the tension caused by the unwinding of the DNA helix?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 3

What is the role of primase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes short RNA primers needed to start DNA synthesis.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing DNA strand.

Question 5

Why is DNA ligase necessary during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming phosphodiester bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the directionality of DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 7

A mutation in the gene encoding DNA polymerase’s proofreading function would most likely result in:

Accepted Answer

A higher rate of mutations during DNA replication.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

Question 9

During transcription, which RNA base pairs with the DNA base adenine (A)?

Accepted Answer

Uracil (U)

Question 10

Which process directly links the genotype of a cell to its phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 11

A scientist inserts the human insulin gene into a bacterium. The bacterium produces human insulin. What does this demonstrate about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal among organisms.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about gene expression is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All genes in a cell are always expressed.

Question 13

Which enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during lagging strand synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why DNA is a better molecule for long-term information storage than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is less easily degraded than RNA.

Question 15

If the DNA template strand has the sequence 5’-ATGCCG-3’, what is the sequence of the RNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5’-AUGCCG-3’

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It delivers amino acids to the ribosome.

Question 17

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that synthesizes:

Accepted Answer

DNA from an RNA template

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of DNA that contains the information to make a functional product

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of the replisome?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

DNA Replication, Gene Expression, and the Genetic Code: Study Notes for General Biology

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