Q: Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP during active transport?

$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes what happens when a cell moves molecules up a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Entropy decreases and energy must be input.

Question 2

The sodium-potassium pump in cells is an example of which type of transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

What is the main reason energy is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the randomness of the system.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP during active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about entropy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases when molecules are moved from high to low concentration.

Question 6

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in. What happens to the energy from ATP?

Accepted Answer

It is stored as potential energy in the ion gradients.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why passive processes like diffusion do not require energy input?

Accepted Answer

They move molecules from high to low concentration, increasing entropy.

Question 8

If a cell is placed in a solution where the concentration of solutes is higher outside than inside, what will likely happen by passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

The concentration gradient of sodium ions across a membrane.

Question 10

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 11

A scientist measures the temperature of a solution and finds it has increased after a reaction. What does this indicate about the energy changes?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy of the molecules has increased.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it for cellular work.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy is always lost as heat during active transport.

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between entropy ($$S$$), energy ($$E$$), and temperature ($$T) in a $$system?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta S = \frac{\Delta E}{T}$$

Question 15

A cell is using the sodium-potassium pump to maintain its internal environment. Which law of thermodynamics is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Second law: energy transformations increase entropy.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why energy is considered 'stored' and not 'spent' in the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

The energy is converted into potential energy in the ion gradients.

Energy, Entropy, and Active Transport in Cells

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