Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 30\text{ or }32\text{ ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy, while anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, consuming energy.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which statement is correct regarding energy transformations in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 30	ext{ or }32	ext{ ATP}$$

Question 4

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when a phosphate group is removed, resulting in a negative $$\Delta G.$$

Question 6

What is the role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is reduced to water at the end of the electron transport chain, serving as the final electron acceptor.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a spontaneous reaction with a negative $$\Delta G$$ may not occur rapidly in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The reaction has a high activation energy barrier that must be overcome.

Question 8

In the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary function of Photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

To absorb light energy, split water, and initiate electron transport, generating ATP.

Question 9

Which molecule is directly produced by the Calvin cycle and can be used to synthesize glucose?

Accepted Answer

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Question 10

What is the main purpose of the proton gradient formed during the light reactions in the thylakoid membrane?

Accepted Answer

To drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Question 11

Which of the following is a waste product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 12

During cellular respiration, which process occurs in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

Which enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco

Question 14

What is the main reason why the number of ATP molecules produced per glucose in cellular respiration is not always exact?

Accepted Answer

Different cells use different electron shuttles, affecting ATP yield.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen by regenerating NAD+.

Question 16

Which pigment is the primary absorber of light in plant chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 17

What is the function of stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

To regulate gas exchange and water loss.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of ATP driven by the flow of protons across a membrane through ATP synthase.

Question 19

In C4 and CAM plants, what adaptation allows them to minimize water loss while still performing photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They fix CO2 into organic acids or 4-carbon compounds, allowing stomata to close during hot or dry conditions.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

Exam 3 Study Guide: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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