Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a single, circular chromosome, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of nuclear shape and chromosome organization

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of ethanol and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and breakdown of lipids

Question 7

Which of the following is a key piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 8

Which process is used by animal cells to bring large particles, such as bacteria, into the cell for digestion?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

A muscle cell is unable to contract due to a lack of calcium ions. Which step in the contraction process is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Exposure of myosin binding sites on actin

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is directly involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps prevent the cell from bursting by maintaining turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why pancreatic cells have an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

They export large amounts of digestive enzymes

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 14

A mutation disrupts the function of the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Sorting and shipping of proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of actin filaments in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

They interact with myosin to produce movement

Question 16

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They digest macromolecules and recycle monomers

Question 17

A cell is unable to detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are often called the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through cellular respiration

Question 19

Which process describes the movement of proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Cellular Components

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