Question 1

Which scientist is credited with first observing and naming 'cells' after viewing cork tissue under a microscope, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 2

According to modern cell theory, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All cells are multicellular.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells generally do not.

Question 4

Which structure is found in all living cells and is responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA into polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 5

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan and no membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids and steroids

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins received from the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own circular DNA, and ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria. Which organelle is being described, and what theory explains its origin?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; Endosymbiotic Theory

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 10

Which of the following structures is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and organizes organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between the cell walls of plants and fungi?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, while fungal cell walls are made of chitin.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 15

A researcher is studying a cell that contains thylakoids, a double membrane, and its own DNA. Which process is most likely to occur in this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration that occurs in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why free ribosomes and bound ribosomes produce different types of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use within the cytosol, while bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for membranes or export.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of the cell membrane's selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

A nerve cell's ability to generate an action potential by controlling ion flow

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic, but differ in ribosome and membrane biochemistry.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have fimbriae and a flagellum. What is the most likely function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae are used for attachment, and flagella are used for motility.

Inside the Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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