Question 1

Which of the following best describes allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

New species form from populations that are geographically isolated from each other.

Question 2

A population of insects is split by the formation of a river, and over time, the two groups evolve into separate species. Which type of speciation does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 3

Which of the following is a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 4

A plant species produces flowers that open at night, while a closely related species produces flowers that open during the day. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between the biological species concept and the morphological species concept?

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept focuses on reproductive isolation, while the morphological species concept focuses on physical similarity.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the biological species concept is difficult to apply to allopatric populations?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric populations do not co-occur, so reproductive isolation cannot be directly tested.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A single ancestral fish species in Lake Victoria giving rise to hundreds of new species adapted to different niches.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in an allopolyploid hybrid formed from two species with $$2n=4$$ and $$2n=6$$?

Accepted Answer

$$2n=10$$

Question 9

A hybrid zone is most likely to form in which type of speciation?

Accepted Answer

Parapatric speciation

Question 10

Which of the following is a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of autopolyploidy?

Accepted Answer

An individual with two sets of chromosomes ($$2n) $$produces offspring with four sets of chromosomes ($$4n).$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a cause of modern extinction?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between anagenesis and cladogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Anagenesis is evolutionary change within a single lineage, while cladogenesis is the splitting of one lineage into two.

Question 14

Which of the following is a limitation of the morphological species concept?

Accepted Answer

Different species can look very similar, or one species can have multiple morphologies.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier due to behavioral isolation?

Accepted Answer

Female frogs only respond to calls from males of their own species.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the background extinction rate?

Accepted Answer

The standard, natural pace of species disappearance throughout Earth's history, excluding human influence.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of ecological isolation?

Accepted Answer

Different species of ladybird beetles in Japan specialize on different genera of host plants, preventing hybridization.

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely outcome when two closely related species come into contact and produce hybrids with reduced fitness?

Accepted Answer

Postzygotic reproductive isolation is reinforced, maintaining species boundaries.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of the phylogenetic species concept?

Accepted Answer

Species are defined as the smallest monophyletic groups on a phylogenetic tree.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why hybridization can complicate species definitions?

Accepted Answer

Hybrids can have intermediate morphologies and genetic profiles, making it difficult to assign individuals to a single species.

Macroevolution: Speciation and Extinction – Study Guide

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