Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct formula for a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules via dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cellulose is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

Question 4

A patient is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of reaction is impaired in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why starch can be digested by humans but cellulose cannot?

Accepted Answer

Starch contains $$\alpha-$$glycosidic bonds, which human enzymes can hydrolyze, while cellulose contains $$\beta-$$glycosidic bonds, which human enzymes cannot hydrolyze.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a fat (triglyceride) molecule?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone via dehydration synthesis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They form the basic structure of cell membranes.

Question 9

Which of the following amino acids has a nonpolar side chain?

Accepted Answer

Alanine

Question 10

Which of the following is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 11

A food scientist is developing a new margarine by hydrogenating vegetable oil. What is a potential health risk associated with this process?

Accepted Answer

Formation of trans isomers that increase heart disease risk

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

It is a storage polysaccharide for glucose in liver and muscle cells.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is considered dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

It is a carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed by human enzymes and helps move material through the digestive tract.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 15

Which of the following reactions would release energy stored in a polysaccharide like glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have at least one double bond.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of steroids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Signal transmission between cells

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why proteins are considered 'molecular machines'?

Accepted Answer

They perform a wide range of functions, including catalysis, structure, and transport.

Question 19

Which of the following amino acids has a basic side chain?

Accepted Answer

Lysine

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit genetic information.

Macromolecules: Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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