Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring from a single parent, while sexual reproduction produces genetically varied offspring from two parents.

Question 2

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 3

During meiosis, what is the primary event that occurs in Meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes separate

Question 4

Which mechanism is responsible for the creation of recombinant chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 5

A karyotype is useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Displaying the ordered pairs of chromosomes from a cell

Question 6

What is the diploid number ($$2n) of $$chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes controlling the same inherited characters.

Question 8

How does independent assortment contribute to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

By sorting maternal and paternal homologs into daughter cells independently of other pairs

Question 9

If the haploid number ($$n) in $$humans is 23, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{23}$$

Question 10

Which event occurs during synapsis in prophase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

DNA breaks are repaired, joining DNA from one nonsister chromatid to another

Question 11

What is the result of random fertilization in humans?

Accepted Answer

Each zygote has a unique genetic identity

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents can look different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation arises from independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization

Question 13

During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis II

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that contributes to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome duplication

Question 15

A zygote is formed by the union of two gametes. What is the chromosome number of the zygote in humans?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Four daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell

Question 17

Which structure holds homologous chromosomes together during synapsis?

Accepted Answer

Synaptonemal complex

Question 18

In humans, what is the composition of chromosomes in a sperm cell?

Accepted Answer

22 autosomes and either an X or Y sex chromosome

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible diploid combinations from random fertilization in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$(2^{23})^2$

Question 20

Why is meiosis essential for sexual reproduction in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing chromosome number from doubling each generation

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Principles of Genetic Variation

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