Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the first image (original cell dividing into two identical daughter cells)?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction through binary fission, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Question 2

Which of the following organisms is capable of both asexual and sexual reproduction, as shown in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Aphids

Question 3

What is the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction, as illustrated by the diagram comparing genetically identical and genetically diverse populations?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, which enhances survival in changing environments.

Question 4

In the human life cycle, what is the chromosome number of a zygote immediately after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 5

Which process is responsible for reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 6

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 7

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 8

If a plant species is tetraploid, what is the minimum number of chromosome sets it contains?

Accepted Answer

$$4n$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why offspring from sexual reproduction resemble their parents but are not identical to them?

Accepted Answer

Offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents due to independent assortment and crossing over.

Question 10

In the context of meiosis, what is a tetrad?

Accepted Answer

A group of four chromatids formed by the synapsis of two homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are similar in length and gene content but may have different alleles.

Question 12

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 13

A strawberry plant produces new plants via runners (stolons). What type of reproduction is this, and what is the genetic relationship between the parent and offspring?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction; offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid ($$2n = 46$$), while gametes are haploid ($$n = 23).$$

Question 15

Which event during meiosis is primarily responsible for the independent assortment of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment of homologous pairs at the metaphase I plate.

Question 16

A mutation occurs in a gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair. What is the potential benefit of having homologous chromosomes in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The other homologous chromosome may carry a functional copy of the gene, providing a backup.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a direct result of meiosis in animals?

Accepted Answer

Production of genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 18

If a human cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why random fertilization increases genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Any sperm can fuse with any egg, creating many possible genetic combinations in offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the products of meiosis II is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each of the four daughter cells is haploid and genetically distinct.

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Study Notes for General Biology

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