Q: Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

$$\text{Water moves from: High } [H_2O] \rightarrow \text{Low } [H_2O]$$

Q: The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients. Which of the following best describes the stoichiometry of this pump?

$$3 \text{ Na}^+$$ out, $$2 \text{ K}^+ in$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure where proteins float in or on a fluid lipid bilayer.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane acts as a 'fluidity buffer,' maintaining membrane flexibility at low temperatures and stability at high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through the plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 5

Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from: High } [H_2O] ightarrow 	ext{Low } [H_2O]$$

Question 6

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients. Which of the following best describes the stoichiometry of this pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3 	ext{ Na}^+$$ out, $$2 	ext{ K}^+ in$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific receptors to internalize particular molecules from the extracellular environment.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 10

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water leaves.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 12

Which type of membrane protein is loosely bound to the surface of the membrane and not embedded within the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral protein

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ions such as Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$ cannot easily cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are charged and cannot pass through the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of bulk transport?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 15

Which step in cell signaling involves the conversion of an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal, often through a cascade of molecular interactions?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Question 16

A cell uses a cotransport protein to move glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient by coupling it with the movement of H$$^+$$ ions down their gradient. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Cotransport (secondary active transport)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the 'lock and key' model in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Only signaling molecules with a specific shape can bind to their matching receptor.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the movement of molecules at equilibrium during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Molecules continue to move, but there is no net change in concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glucose absorption in the small intestine via sodium-glucose cotransporter

Question 20

Which of the following statements about isotonic solutions is correct?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of water across the membrane.

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling: Chapter 5 Study Guide

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