Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's principle of segregation?

Accepted Answer

The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 2

A plant with genotype RrYy is crossed with a plant with genotype rryy. What proportion of the offspring will have round, yellow seeds if R (round) and Y (yellow) are dominant over r (wrinkled) and y (green)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of codominance in humans?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expressing both A and B antigens on red blood cells.

Question 4

In Mendel’s monohybrid cross between true-breeding round-seeded and wrinkled-seeded pea plants, what was the observed phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$ round to wrinkled

Question 5

A woman with type IAi blood and a man with type IBi blood have a child. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about X-linked recessive traits is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are more likely to appear in males than females.

Question 7

If two genes are located far apart on the same chromosome, what is most likely to occur during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over will frequently separate the alleles, resulting in independent assortment.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why Mendel’s results did not support the blending inheritance hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Traits in the F1 generation were not intermediate but resembled one parent, and the recessive trait reappeared in the F2 generation.

Question 9

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which cross would you perform?

Accepted Answer

Cross the individual with a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative trait?

Accepted Answer

Human height, which shows a continuous range of phenotypes.

Question 11

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (RrYy x RrYy), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene mutation causing multiple symptoms in cystic fibrosis.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomal and sex-linked inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal inheritance involves genes on non-sex chromosomes, while sex-linked inheritance involves genes on sex chromosomes.

Question 14

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) has children with a man who does not have hemophilia. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene that prevents pigment production masks the effect of a gene that determines pigment color.

Question 16

If a gene has three alleles in a population, how many different genotypes are possible for this gene in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, and their physical separation during meiosis explains Mendel’s principles.

Question 18

A man with genotype IAIB (blood type AB) and a woman with genotype IAi (blood type A) have a child. What is the probability that the child will have blood type B?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to express X-linked recessive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will result in the disorder.

Mendel and the Gene: Principles of Inheritance

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