Question 1

Which scientist is most closely associated with the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, as illustrated by the giraffe image showing neck elongation over generations?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 2

In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, what was the observed phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation for a monohybrid cross involving a dominant and a recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the blending inheritance hypothesis, as shown in the diagram with round and wrinkled seeds?

Accepted Answer

Offspring inherit traits as a blend of parental traits, resulting in intermediate phenotypes.

Question 4

If a pea plant with genotype $$Tt ($$tall) is self-fertilized, what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (TT$$:Tt:tt)

Question 5

Which experimental method did Mendel use to control the fertilization of pea plants, as shown in the diagram with paintbrushes?

Accepted Answer

Cross-fertilization by transferring pollen from one plant to another

Question 6

A plant breeder crosses a pea plant with yellow seeds (dominant) and a plant with green seeds (recessive). All F1 offspring have yellow seeds. What is the genotype of the F1 plants?

Accepted Answer

$$Yy$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world example of a trait that follows Mendelian inheritance patterns, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Color blindness in humans

Question 8

According to Mendel's law of segregation, what happens to alleles during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles separate so that each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Question 9

A test cross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype for a dominant trait and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring display the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why Mendel's work with pea plants was so successful in uncovering the basic principles of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

He chose traits that were controlled by single genes with clear dominant and recessive alleles.

Question 11

If two heterozygous pea plants ($$Yy) $$are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will have green seeds (recessive phenotype)?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the inheritance of seed shape in peas is supported by Mendel's reciprocal cross experiments?

Accepted Answer

It does not matter whether the genetic determinant comes from the male or female gamete.

Question 13

A population in which 80% of individuals are lactose intolerant is most likely to be found in which region, according to the world map of lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

East Asia

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a trait that Mendel studied in pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Leaf shape

Question 15

If a plant with genotype $$Rr ($$round seeds) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$rr ($$wrinkled seeds), what proportion of the offspring will have wrinkled seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$1/2$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between self-fertilization and cross-fertilization in plants?

Accepted Answer

Self-fertilization involves pollen from the same plant, while cross-fertilization involves pollen from a different plant.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait, as opposed to a Mendelian trait?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color

Question 18

A chicken with a rose comb is crossed with a chicken with a single comb. If all offspring have rose combs, what can you infer about the rose comb allele?

Accepted Answer

Rose comb is dominant to single comb.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why color blindness is more common in males than in females?

Accepted Answer

The gene for color blindness is located on the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about Mendel's pea plant experiments is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's results supported the idea that traits are inherited as discrete units, not blended.

Mendelian Genetics and Early Theories of Heredity

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