Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a metabolic chain and a metabolic cycle, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

A metabolic chain involves a series of reactions where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next, ending with a final product, while a metabolic cycle regenerates one of its starting compounds.

Question 2

Based on the second image, which process is anabolic and which is catabolic?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic processes build larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy; catabolic processes break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about redox reactions, as illustrated in the third image, is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 4

In the overall reaction for cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cellular respiration is considered an exergonic process?

Accepted Answer

It releases free energy, with $$\Delta G \u003c 0.$$

Question 7

If the free energy change ($$\Delta G) $$for the oxidation of glucose is $$-685$$ kcal/mol, what does this indicate about the spontaneity of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous because $$\Delta G \u003c 0.$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy carrier, coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about NADH and FADH$$_2 is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

They act as electron carriers, transporting electrons and protons during cellular respiration.

Question 10

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition in a metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

The final product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the energetic coupling that occurs during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The exergonic oxidation of glucose drives the endergonic synthesis of ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 14

If a mutation prevents NAD$$^+$$ from being reduced to NADH, what would be the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain would receive fewer electrons, reducing ATP production.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the breakdown of glucose is considered a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

It involves the breakdown of a large molecule into smaller molecules, releasing energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Pyruvate processing → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions, increasing the rate of metabolic processes.

Question 18

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which stage of cellular respiration would be directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a metabolic cycle that regenerates its starting molecule and produces NADH and FADH$$_2.$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for many cellular processes by the hydrolysis of its phosphate bonds.

Metabolic Pathways, Cellular Respiration, and Energy Transfer in Biology

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