Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simple ones, releasing energy, while anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simple ones, requiring energy input.

Question 2

A hydroelectric dam stores water at a high elevation. When the water is released and flows through turbines, which energy transformations occur?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, then to electrical energy.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the first law of thermodynamics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred or transformed, but never created or destroyed.

Question 5

A reaction has $$\Delta G \u003c 0. $$Which of the following is true about this reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous and releases free energy.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why living cells are considered open systems?

Accepted Answer

They exchange both energy and matter with their surroundings.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 8

In the metabolic pathway shown below, what is the role of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze each step, speeding up the reactions without being consumed.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about entropy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Question 10

A cell synthesizes a large macromolecule from smaller building blocks. Which type of metabolic pathway is this, and what is the energy change?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathway; energy is required

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between free energy and stability in a system?

Accepted Answer

Lower free energy means greater stability.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of potential energy being converted to kinetic energy?

Accepted Answer

A diver jumping off a platform into water

Question 13

Which of the following reactions is most likely to be spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A reaction with $$\Delta G \u003c 0$$

Question 14

Why do living cells never reach equilibrium in their metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

They constantly exchange energy and matter with their surroundings, maintaining a steady state.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a nonspontaneous process?

Accepted Answer

It requires a dedicated input of energy to occur.

Question 16

A chemical reaction has $$\Delta H = -100 kJ$$, $$T = 300 K$$, and $$\Delta S = 0.2 kJ/K. $$What is $$\Delta G$$ for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = -40 kJ$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a form of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Heat transferred from a stove to a pan

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why heat cannot be used to do work in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Heat increases the entropy of the system, making energy less available to do work.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a spontaneous process in biology?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 20

Which of the following statements about equilibrium is correct?

Accepted Answer

At equilibrium, forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate and there is no net change in free energy.

Metabolism and Energy: Foundations of Bioenergetics

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