$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is reduced to form water after accepting electrons at the end of the chain.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 3

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, speeding up reactions.

Question 5

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 6

What is the main purpose of fermentation in muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about ATP and energy coupling?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can drive endergonic reactions in the cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the citric acid cycle is considered a cycle?

Accepted Answer

The starting molecule, oxaloacetate, is regenerated at the end of each turn.

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.

Question 11

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle.

Question 14

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 15

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy and has a negative $$\Delta G$$

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the location of glycolysis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the cytosol.

Question 18

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis that is used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about chemiosmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis involves the movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to produce ATP.

Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis: Study Guide (Chapters 6-8)

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