Question 1

Which experiment provided definitive evidence that DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase's experiment using radioactive sulfur and phosphorus

Question 2

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, why was radioactive phosphorus ($$^{32}P) $$used to label DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus is a component of DNA but not of protein

Question 3

According to Chargaff’s rules, if a DNA sample contains 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

20%

Question 4

Which structural feature of DNA did Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction photograph (Photo 51) reveal?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with a consistent width

Question 5

What is the significance of the antiparallel arrangement of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

It enables complementary base pairing and replication

Question 6

Which base pairs are correctly matched according to the DNA base pair rule?

Accepted Answer

Adenine with Thymine, Cytosine with Guanine

Question 7

If a DNA molecule has 15% thymine, what percentage of cytosine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

35%

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why proteins were initially thought to be the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have more possible combinations of amino acids than DNA has nucleotides

Question 9

In Griffith’s experiment, what was the outcome when mice were injected with a mixture of heat-killed smooth strain and live rough strain bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The mice died because the rough strain was transformed by the smooth strain

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the percentages of bases in DNA according to Chargaff’s rules?

Accepted Answer

$$\%A = \%T$$ and $$\%G = \%C$$

Question 11

Which scientist used Drosophila melanogaster to demonstrate that genes are located on chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

T. H. Morgan

Question 12

What is the molecular composition of the backbone of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate

Question 13

Which virus structure is most commonly used in experiments to study the molecular basis of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophage

Question 14

What is the width of the DNA double helix as revealed by X-ray crystallography?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ 	ext{nm}$$

Question 15

Which pairing results in a consistent width of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Purine + pyrimidine

Question 16

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 17

Which real-world scenario best illustrates the concept of DNA transformation as discovered by Griffith?

Accepted Answer

A non-virulent bacterial strain becomes virulent after exposure to heat-killed virulent bacteria

Question 18

What is the function of hydrogen bonds in the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

They hold the two strands together by connecting complementary bases

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is located on the outside of the helix

Question 20

If a DNA molecule is composed of 40% guanine, what percentage of thymine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

10%

Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA as Genetic Material

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