Question 1

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They act as a quick source of energy for metabolic reactions.

Question 2

Which molecule shown in Model 1 contains a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R side chain?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 3

In the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids, what type of bond is formed between the amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a lipid molecule such as a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A long chain of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms

Question 5

What is the chemical formula for glucose, a monosaccharide shown in Model 1?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 6

Which structural groups do all amino acids have in common?

Accepted Answer

A carboxylic acid group, an amino group, and a central carbon

Question 7

During the formation of sucrose from glucose and fructose, what is the name of the bond that forms between the two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 8

Which process is used to break apart large biological molecules using water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 9

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as shown in Model 1?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between carbon atoms, while saturated fatty acids do not.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid chain

Question 11

Which type of biochemical reaction joins two monomers together and produces water as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 12

If a triglyceride is broken down into its components, which molecules are produced?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 13

Which molecule contains both a sugar and a nitrogen base as shown in Model 1?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are used as a quick source of energy rather than fats?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are easier to break down due to their simpler structure.

Question 15

Which prefix would you add to 'saccharide' to describe a molecule made of two sugar units?

Accepted Answer

Di-

Question 16

Which of the following is a product of all three reactions shown in Model 2?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 17

Which bond is formed when fatty acids are joined to glycerol in the formation of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Question 18

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 19

Which molecule is most likely to be found as a long chain with a variable R side chain, as shown in Model 1?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 20

What would need to be done at the molecular level to transform a cis unsaturated fatty acid into a trans fat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenate the double bond to change its configuration from cis to trans.

Molecules of Life and Biochemical Reactions: Study Notes for General Biology

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