$$\text{Nucleotide}_1 + \text{Nucleotide}_2 \rightarrow \text{Dinucleotide} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which component distinguishes deoxyribose from ribose in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose lacks a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon.

Question 2

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 3

What type of bond links the 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide to the 5' phosphate group of the next nucleotide in a polynucleotide chain?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 4

In DNA, which base pairs with guanine, and how many hydrogen bonds are formed between them?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine; 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', while the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 6

Which process involves the synthesis of messenger RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 7

A nucleotide is composed of which three components?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 8

Which equation represents the dehydration reaction that forms a phosphodiester bond between two nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Nucleotide}_1 + 	ext{Nucleotide}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Dinucleotide} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a purine?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 10

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what is the complementary strand sequence?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 11

Which sugar is present in RNA, and what functional group distinguishes it from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribose; hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon

Question 12

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 13

During DNA replication, which base pairs with adenine?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Question 14

Which carbon of the pentose sugar in a nucleotide is NOT part of the ring structure?

Accepted Answer

5' carbon

Question 15

What is the main function of DNA in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Stores hereditary information

Question 16

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the conversion of RNA into protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleoside is a nucleotide without a phosphate group.

Question 18

Which equation represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by covalent bonds between sugars and phosphates.

Question 20

Which base pairing is unique to RNA and does not occur in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine–Uracil

Nucleic Acid Structure: DNA and RNA

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