Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why protists are not considered a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

Protists include all eukaryotes except land plants, fungi, and animals, but do not share a single derived characteristic.

Question 2

Which of the following diseases is caused by a protist and transmitted by mosquitoes, as shown in the Plasmodium life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Question 3

The Irish potato famine was caused by which type of organism, and what is its ecological classification?

Accepted Answer

A water mold (Phytophthora infestans); protist

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of primary endosymbiosis leading to the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell engulfed an α-proteobacterium, which became the mitochondrion.

Question 5

Which of the following features is a synapomorphy for the Stramenopila lineage?

Accepted Answer

Cells with two flagella, one of which is covered with hairlike projections

Question 6

A harmful algal bloom caused by dinoflagellates can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of toxins in shellfish, which can poison humans who eat them

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the evolution of multicellularity in protists is correct?

Accepted Answer

Multicellularity evolved multiple times independently in different eukaryotic lineages.

Question 8

Which feeding strategy is most likely used by an amoeba that engulfs bacteria using pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

Ingestive feeding via phagocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the alternation of generations in multicellular protists?

Accepted Answer

A life cycle with both multicellular haploid (gametophyte) and multicellular diploid (sporophyte) phases

Question 10

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts have circular DNA and genes similar to those in cyanobacteria.

Question 11

Which lineage is characterized by the presence of alveoli (flattened vesicles) under the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Alveolata

Question 12

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a shell made of calcium carbonate and long, slender pseudopodia. To which lineage does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Rhizaria

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about sexual reproduction in protists?

Accepted Answer

It involves meiosis and fusion of gametes, increasing genetic diversity.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why photosynthetic protists are important in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

They are primary producers that fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the Excavata lineage?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an excavated feeding groove on one side of the cell

Question 16

A protist that moves using cilia and sweeps food particles into its gullet is most likely a member of which group?

Accepted Answer

Ciliates (Alveolata)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes secondary endosymbiosis in the evolution of chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryote engulfed a photosynthetic eukaryote, resulting in a chloroplast with four membranes.

Question 18

Which of the following protists is responsible for causing severe intestinal issues known as 'beaver fever'?

Accepted Answer

Giardia duodenalis

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotes from bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction is considered adaptive in protists?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation, allowing offspring to thrive if the environment changes.

Protists: Diversity, Structure, and Ecological Importance

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