Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pharmacodynamic action of alcohol on neurotransmitter receptors?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol acts as an agonist at GABA, opiate, dopamine, serotonin, and cannabinoid receptors, and as an antagonist at glutamate and acetylcholine receptors.

Question 2

A patient is prescribed a drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Which class of drug is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

It is an SSRI, which increases serotonin levels in the synapse.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of dispositional (metabolic) tolerance?

Accepted Answer

A person requires a higher dose of a drug because their liver enzymes metabolize it more quickly after repeated use.

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 5

A drug that binds to a receptor and produces the same effect as the endogenous neurotransmitter is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why rats will self-administer morphine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) but not into the periventricular gray area (PGA)?

Accepted Answer

The VTA is involved in addiction and reinforcement, while the PGA is involved in withdrawal.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the mesolimbicortical dopamine (DA) system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the major reward system and is activated by all abused drugs.

Question 8

A person who experiences severe agitation, hallucinations, and psychotic episodes after using a synthetic cannabinoid (e.g., JWH-018) is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Effects of a cannabinomimetic, which are often more intense and dangerous than THC

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of cocaine?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, increasing its concentration in the synapse.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world implication of behavioral/learned tolerance?

Accepted Answer

A person is more likely to overdose if they take their usual dose of a drug in a new environment.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of naloxone (Narcan) in opioid overdose?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher affinity for endorphin receptors and blocks opioid effects.

Question 12

Which of the following routes of drug administration results in the fastest and highest peak plasma concentration, as shown in the provided graph?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of withdrawal from depressants such as alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Delirium tremens, which may include hallucinations, confusion, and seizures

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why chronic drug users may have a higher risk of addiction due to reward deficiency syndrome?

Accepted Answer

They have diminished dopamine release and fewer D2 dopamine receptors, possibly predisposing them to drug abuse.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a drug acting as an antagonist?

Accepted Answer

A drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors, preventing neurotransmitter action.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of marijuana (THC) on neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

THC binds to cannabinoid receptors, inhibits Ca$$^{2+}$$ influx, and facilitates K$$^+$$ channels, leading to inhibition of neurotransmitter release.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between physical dependence and addiction?

Accepted Answer

Addiction involves persistent drug-taking and interference with social/occupational functions, while physical dependence is characterized by tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the principle of 'set and setting' in the context of psychoactive drug use?

Accepted Answer

Set refers to psychological makeup and expectations, while setting refers to the social/physical/cultural environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of cross-tolerance?

Accepted Answer

A person who develops tolerance to alcohol also shows tolerance to benzodiazepines.

Psychopharmacology: Biological Foundations of Drug Action and Addiction

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