Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between ploidy and chromosome number in a diploid organism?

$$2n = \text{total number of chromosomes}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To ensure genetic continuity, growth, and tissue repair by producing new cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell with 2n = 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 5

What is the primary difference between mitosis in plant cells and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, while plant cells form a cell plate

Question 6

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 7

If a cell fails the G₂ checkpoint due to incomplete DNA replication, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell pauses to complete DNA replication or repair

Question 8

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are maternal and paternal versions of the same chromosome type

Question 9

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, and centrosomes at opposite poles. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can divide uncontrollably?

Accepted Answer

They bypass cell cycle checkpoints and ignore growth control signals

Question 11

In prokaryotic cells, which process is responsible for cell division, and what is a key difference from eukaryotic mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; prokaryotes lack a nucleus and mitotic spindle

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between ploidy and chromosome number in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 	ext{total number of chromosomes}$$

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell to skip the M checkpoint. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes may not be evenly distributed to daughter cells

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They activate and regulate progression through cell cycle phases

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Increasing genetic diversity in somatic cells

Question 16

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 17

A cell is observed with a visible nucleolus, uncondensed chromatin, and duplicated centrosomes. Which phase is it most likely in?

Accepted Answer

G₂ phase of interphase

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the number of chromosomes does not determine an organism’s complexity?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome number is unrelated to the amount or function of genetic information

Question 19

Which of the following events occurs during cytokinesis in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a cleavage furrow

Question 20

A cell in metaphase is exposed to a drug that prevents microtubule depolymerization. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate during anaphase

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Structure, Regulation, and Significance

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