Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of mitosis in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To produce genetically identical daughter cells for growth, development, and tissue repair

Question 2

A cultivated strawberry is octoploid with a haploid number $$n=7. $$How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of this strawberry plant?

Accepted Answer

$$56$$

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles

Question 5

What is the primary difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the unpacked, accessible form of DNA, while chromosomes are the condensed, packaged form for cell division

Question 6

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase checkpoint

Question 7

A scientist observes a cell with a cell plate forming in the center. What type of cell and process is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell undergoing cytokinesis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells always stop dividing at the G1 checkpoint

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of proto-oncogenes in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

They code for proteins that stimulate normal cell growth and division

Question 10

A mutation in which type of gene is most likely to result in uncontrolled cell division if the gene is inactivated?

Accepted Answer

Tumor-suppressor gene

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 12

During which stage of mitosis do the nuclear envelope fragments and spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cell division is different from eukaryotic mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, which does not involve mitosis or a spindle apparatus

Question 14

If a cell fails to pass the G2 checkpoint due to incomplete DNA replication, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will attempt to repair the DNA or complete replication before proceeding

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of cell cycle regulation?

Accepted Answer

The ability of skin cells to heal a wound by dividing rapidly in response to injury

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It organizes and separates chromosomes by attaching to kinetochores and pulling sister chromatids apart

Question 17

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached to each chromatid. What will happen next if the metaphase checkpoint is passed?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will separate and move to opposite poles (anaphase)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP for cellular respiration

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why most normal somatic cells can only divide 20-50 times?

Accepted Answer

They lack telomerase, so their telomeres shorten with each division

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

The Cell Cycle: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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