Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size rather than large?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: circular DNA, cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and simple organelles. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Receiving, modifying, and shipping proteins and lipids

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the pathway for a protein destined to be embedded in the plasma membrane, starting from the gene in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus (DNA) $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ Ribosome on rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ Vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ Plasma membrane

Question 10

Which of the following is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolyzing macromolecules and recycling cellular components

Question 11

Which of the following is pumped into the lysosome to increase its acidity?

Accepted Answer

H$$^+$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT a major component of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 14

A cell is found to contain DNA, ribosomes, and a cell membrane, but no mitochondria. What can you conclude about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It could be either a prokaryote or a eukaryote.

Question 15

Which of the following cytoskeletal fibers provides tracks for vesicle transport between endomembrane system organelles?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in a cell that is highly active in protein secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and preventing dehydration

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Site of ribosome biogenesis

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane lipids with ether bonds

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes through endosymbiosis.

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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