Question 1

In Griffith's experiment, what was the key finding when heat-killed S strain bacteria were mixed with living R strain bacteria and injected into mice?

Accepted Answer

The mice died, and living S strain bacteria were recovered from them.

Question 2

Which molecule did Hershey and Chase label with radioactive phosphorus to demonstrate it was the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 3

According to Chargaff’s rules, if a DNA sample contains 24% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

26%

Question 4

Rosalind Franklin contributed to the discovery of DNA’s structure by:

Accepted Answer

Using X-ray diffraction to reveal the double helix.

Question 5

What is the significance of hydrogen bonds between base pairs in the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

They permit complementary base pairing.

Question 6

The Meselson-Stahl experiment supported which model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Semi-conservative

Question 7

During DNA replication, which enzyme relieves strain ahead of the replication fork caused by supercoiling?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 8

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to which end of a growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3' OH group

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 11

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-AATGCTAC-3', what is the complementary sequence?

Accepted Answer

3'-TTACGATG-5'

Question 12

Which enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Question 13

A strain of E. coli with a mutation rate 100 times higher than normal most likely has a defect in:

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase proofreading ability

Question 14

What are telomeres?

Accepted Answer

The ends of linear chromosomes.

Question 15

Which effect might be caused by reduced telomerase activity in cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells age and begin to lose function.

Question 16

Which of the following facts did Hershey and Chase use to distinguish DNA from protein as the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not.

Question 17

In the polymerization of DNA, a phosphodiester bond is formed between the phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and which atom or molecule of the last nucleotide in the DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

The 3' OH

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 19

Which of the following statements about DNA replication forks is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

None of the above are incorrect.

Question 20

Which scientist(s) are associated with the finding that viral DNA, not protein, directs the host to replicate new phage viruses?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA Structure, Replication, and Key Experiments

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