Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of organic molecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

Which functional group is responsible for making amino acids act as bases in aqueous solutions?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 3

A dehydration reaction is used to join two glucose molecules. What is the chemical equation for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} \rightarrow \mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}} + \mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 5

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease. Which change at the molecular level is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A substitution of a hydrophilic amino acid with a hydrophobic one in hemoglobin

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and their phosphate heads are hydrophilic.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of oligosaccharides on the surface of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and blood type specificity

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added to break a bond between two monomers.

Question 12

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups is nonpolar and often found in DNA and steroids?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions without being used up.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

A cooked egg white turning solid due to heat

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a disaccharide and its components?

Accepted Answer

Lactose: glucose + galactose

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is important in the human diet, even though it is indigestible?

Accepted Answer

It acts as dietary fiber, aiding in digestion and bowel health.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the genetic code and protein structure?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

The Molecules of Cells: Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제