Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of digestive enzymes

Question 2

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism it uses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; releasing lysosomal enzymes

Question 3

A patient with a mutation causing defective collagen synthesis would most likely present with which bone disorder?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Formation of bone collar → development of primary ossification center → vascular invasion → formation of secondary ossification centers

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons; spongy bone contains trabeculae

Question 7

A child presents with bowed legs and delayed closure of the epiphyseal plates. Which deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 8

Which process allows bones to increase in width throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why bones are more likely to fracture under tension than compression?

Accepted Answer

Bones are half as strong as steel in resisting compression and as strong as steel in resisting tension

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the epiphyseal plate is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It allows for interstitial growth in length during childhood and adolescence

Question 12

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of her condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased osteoclast activity leading to decreased bone mass

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of calcitriol in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increases calcium absorption from the intestines

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bone cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte – maintenance of bone matrix

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of spongy bone compared to compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Presence of trabeculae

Question 17

A patient with a pituitary tumor producing excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure will most likely develop:

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the hip is a common site for red marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

It is highly vascularized and contains spongy bone

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of estrogen on bone growth during puberty?

Accepted Answer

It accelerates bone growth and causes earlier closure of the epiphyseal plates

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the dietary calcium requirement for an adult per day?

Accepted Answer

$$1,000\ \mathrm{mg/day}$$

The Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Development

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