Question 1

Which of the following features is LEAST supportive of the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both the matrix and stromal spaces contain many types of soluble proteins.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a nucleoid, circular DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can perform more complex metabolic processes than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalization via membrane-bound organelles.

Question 5

A protein is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is destined for secretion outside the cell. Which is the correct order of the exocytosis pathway?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER, transport vesicle, Golgi, transport vesicle, plasma membrane

Question 6

Which of the following proteins is most likely NOT made or processed at the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A protein that enters the nucleus of the same cell that made the protein

Question 7

Which process requires the input of energy in the form of ATP and involves the movement of vesicles along the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Active transport via motor proteins

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It separates the cell into different compartments, allowing unique conditions for different reactions.

Question 9

A cell is observed to take in large particles by engulfing them with its plasma membrane, forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a catabolic reaction in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Both are part of the endomembrane system.

Question 12

A mutation prevents the formation of vesicles in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Bulk transport of proteins out of the cell

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are sites of hydrolysis, breaking down macromolecules.

Question 14

A eukaryotic cell is observed to have an extensive network of internal membranes. What is the primary advantage of this feature?

Accepted Answer

It increases the cell's surface area for metabolic reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the size of living things is correct, based on the scale of biological structures?

Accepted Answer

Most single cells are between 1 and 100 microns in diameter.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes?

Accepted Answer

They evolved from prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 17

A scientist is studying a eukaryotic cell that can both photosynthesize and consume other organisms. Which real-world organism is most similar to this description?

Accepted Answer

Euglena

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of large molecules across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Large molecules cross the membrane in bulk via vesicles.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of an anabolic reaction in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary relationship between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes through the engulfment of other prokaryotic cells, leading to mutualistic relationships.

The Structural and Functional Unit of Life: Cells, Compartmentalization, and Endosymbiosis

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