Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure shown in the first image (the cross-section of a cell membrane)?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward, containing embedded proteins.

Question 2

Which function is NOT performed by membrane proteins as illustrated in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 3

The third image shows a red arrow moving down across a membrane. What process does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 4

In the fourth image, a purple substance is dissolving in water over time. What biological process does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 5

The fifth image shows molecules moving across a membrane until equilibrium is reached. Which statement best explains this process?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move randomly but there is a net movement from high to low concentration until equilibrium.

Question 6

The sixth image shows water moving across a membrane. What is the driving force for this movement?

Accepted Answer

A difference in water concentration, moving from high to low water concentration

Question 7

The seventh image shows a red blood cell in a solution. If the solution is isotonic, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will maintain its normal shape.

Question 8

The eighth image shows a red blood cell swelling. What type of solution is the cell in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell

Question 9

The ninth image shows a red blood cell that has shriveled. What is the cause of this appearance?

Accepted Answer

The cell is in a hypertonic solution and water has left the cell.

Question 10

The tenth image shows an amoeba with a contractile vacuole. Why is this structure necessary for the amoeba's survival in its environment?

Accepted Answer

It pumps excess water out to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment.

Question 11

The eleventh and twelfth images compare animal and plant cells in different solutions. What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

It becomes turgid (normal).

Question 12

The thirteenth image shows a plant cell that has shriveled. What process caused this, and what is the likely environment?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis; the cell was placed in a hypertonic solution

Question 13

The fourteenth and fifteenth images show a turgid and a wilted plant. What is the main cellular difference between these two states?

Accepted Answer

Turgid plants have cells with high internal water pressure; wilted plants have lost water and their cells are flaccid.

Question 14

The sixteenth image shows plant cells before and after exposure to a 20% sugar solution. What happened to the cytoplasm, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm shrank because water left the cell due to osmosis.

Question 15

The seventeenth image shows a solute being moved across a membrane with the input of ATP. What process is being illustrated?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

The eighteenth and nineteenth images show the structure and hydrolysis of ATP. Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 17

The twentieth image shows a sodium-potassium pump. Which statement best describes its function?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell using energy from ATP.

Question 18

The twenty-first image shows different types of membrane transport. Which process requires energy input from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 19

The twenty-second image shows receptor-mediated endocytosis. What is the role of the LDL receptor in this process?

Accepted Answer

It binds LDL particles and triggers their uptake into the cell.

The Working Cell: Membranes and Enzymes – Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제