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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
7장, 문제 21b

Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal in the periodic table: 3422 °C. The distance between W atoms in tungsten metal is 274 pm. (b) If you put tungsten metal under high pressure, predict what would happen to the distance between W atoms.

검증된 단계별 안내
1
insert step 1: Understand the relationship between pressure and atomic distance. In general, applying pressure to a material tends to decrease the distance between its atoms.
insert step 2: Consider the concept of compressibility. Metals, including tungsten, are generally compressible, meaning their atomic distances can decrease under pressure.
insert step 3: Recall that pressure is a force applied over an area. When pressure is applied to a solid, it can cause the atoms to move closer together, reducing the interatomic distance.
insert step 4: Predict that under high pressure, the distance between tungsten atoms would decrease. This is because the external pressure would overcome the repulsive forces between the atoms, allowing them to move closer.
insert step 5: Conclude that the application of high pressure on tungsten metal would likely result in a decrease in the distance between W atoms, due to the compressive forces acting on the metal lattice.

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주요 개념

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Atomic Structure and Bonding

The atomic structure of a metal, including the arrangement of atoms and the nature of metallic bonds, plays a crucial role in determining its physical properties. In tungsten, atoms are closely packed, and the metallic bonds allow for the sharing of electrons, which contributes to its high melting point and density.
추천 영상:

Effect of Pressure on Atomic Distance

Applying high pressure to a material typically forces atoms closer together, reducing the distance between them. This phenomenon occurs because the external pressure overcomes the repulsive forces between atoms, leading to a denser arrangement and potentially altering the material's properties.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:31
Photoelectric Effect

Phase Changes and Material Properties

The properties of materials can change under different conditions, such as temperature and pressure. In the case of tungsten, increasing pressure may not only decrease atomic distance but could also lead to phase changes, affecting its mechanical and thermal properties, which are critical in applications requiring high-performance materials.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:46
Entropy in Phase Changes
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With the exception of helium, the noble gases condense to form solids when they are cooled sufficiently. At temperatures below 83 K, argon forms a close-packed solid whose structure is shown below. (c) Based on this comparison would you say that the atoms are held together by chemical bonds in solid argon?

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교과서 질문

With the exception of helium, the noble gases condense to form solids when they are cooled sufficiently. At temperatures below 83 K, argon forms a close-packed solid whose structure is shown below. (b) Is this value larger or smaller than the bonding atomic radius estimated for argon in Figure 7.7?

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교과서 질문

Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal in the periodic table: 3422 °C. The distance between W atoms in tungsten metal is 274 pm. (a) What is the atomic radius of a tungsten atom in this environment? (This radius is called the metallic radius.)

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Estimate the As¬I bond length from the data in Figure 7.7 and compare your value to the experimental As ¬I bond length in arsenic triiodide, AsI3, 2.55 Å.

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