Which base in each of the following pairs has the stronger conjugate acid? See Table 16.1 to compare the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. (a) Cl- or CO32-

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand that the strength of a conjugate acid is inversely related to the strength of its conjugate base. This means that the stronger the base, the weaker its conjugate acid, and vice versa.

Step 2: Identify the conjugate acids of the given bases. The conjugate acid of a base is formed by adding a proton (H+) to the base. So, the conjugate acid of Cl- is HCl and the conjugate acid of CO32- is HCO3-.

Step 3: Refer to Table 16.1 or any other reliable source that lists the strengths of acids. Compare the strengths of HCl and HCO3-.

Step 4: Determine which of the two acids is stronger. The base that corresponds to the weaker acid is the stronger base.

Step 5: The base that has the stronger conjugate acid is the one that corresponds to the weaker acid.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that differ by the presence of a proton (H+). When a base accepts a proton, it forms its conjugate acid, while the acid that donates the proton forms its conjugate base. Understanding these pairs is essential for comparing the strengths of acids and bases, as the strength of a base is inversely related to the strength of its conjugate acid.

Acid-Base Strength

The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to donate or accept protons, respectively. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, while weak acids only partially dissociate. Similarly, strong bases fully accept protons, whereas weak bases do not. This concept is crucial for evaluating which base has the stronger conjugate acid by comparing their dissociation tendencies.

Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acids

The relative strength of conjugate acids can be assessed using tables that list the pKa values of acids. A lower pKa value indicates a stronger acid, which corresponds to a weaker conjugate base. By consulting such tables, one can determine which base in a pair has the stronger conjugate acid, as the base that forms the weaker conjugate base will have the stronger conjugate acid.