Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A scientific law is a universally accepted explanation of what happens, while a theory is a widely accepted explanation of how or why something happens.

Question 2

Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its group on the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

O, halogen

Question 3

A sample of a pure substance is heated in the open atmosphere and a white solid weighing 14% more than the original sample results. Is the product an element or a compound?

Accepted Answer

The product is a compound because it combined with oxygen from the air.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a diatomic molecule in its natural state?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ne}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct SI unit for measuring the amount of substance?

Accepted Answer

mole (mol)

Question 6

A student measures the length of a table as 2.50 meters using a ruler with millimeter markings. How many significant figures should be reported in the measurement?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 7

Which of the following prefixes represents $$10^{-6} in $$the metric system?

Accepted Answer

micro

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of metals?

Accepted Answer

They are malleable and good conductors of heat.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaCl}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A process involving observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and refinement.

Question 11

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 12

A student is asked to classify the following: carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$), sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}$$), and oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$}). $$Which is a molecular compound?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for potassium?

Accepted Answer

K

Question 14

Which of the following statements about chemicals is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Chemicals can be both beneficial and harmful depending on context.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct risk assessment consideration for a medicine like penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Both the benefits and the detrimental effects should be weighed.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Theory

Question 17

Which of the following is a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Neon (Ne)

Question 18

A student needs to convert 0.005 meters to millimeters. What is the correct answer?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$ millimeters

Question 19

Which of the following is a transition element?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 20

Which of the following is the best example of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If salt is added to water, then the boiling point will increase.

Introduction to Chemistry: Foundational Concepts and Study Guide

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