Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 2

During the process of excitation-contraction coupling, what is the correct sequence of events after an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is released, binds to receptors on the motor end plate, action potential travels down T-tubules, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 3

Which of the following is the net chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ \rightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + \sim 30\ ATP$$

Question 4

A muscle that acts as the primary mover during a joint action is called the:

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for transmitting the action potential deep into the muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

T-tubule

Question 6

Why does lactic acid fermentation occur in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

To allow glycolysis to continue producing ATP when oxygen is limited.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a cause of muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Excess oxygen in the muscle

Question 8

What is the function of the tendon in skeletal muscle anatomy?

Accepted Answer

It attaches muscle to bone.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why we need to breathe, in the context of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is required as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain to maximize ATP production.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is correct?

Accepted Answer

Muscles always shorten when they contract, pulling the insertion toward the origin.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of muscle structure and its description?

Accepted Answer

Sarcolemma: cell membrane of a muscle fiber

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding aerobic and anaerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise uses all four steps of cellular respiration and can be maintained for long periods.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP required for muscle contraction.

Question 14

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness after intense exercise. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Excess neurotransmitter release

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the sarcolemma?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, allowing action potentials to enter the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of subunits from largest to smallest in a skeletal muscle organ?

Accepted Answer

Muscle organ, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament

Question 17

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid is consumed as a reactant.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why muscles work in agonist-antagonist pairs?

Accepted Answer

To allow for opposing movements at a joint, such as flexion and extension.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of calcium binding to thin filaments during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The contraction cycle is activated, allowing thin filaments to slide past thick filaments.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the purpose of eating, in the context of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To provide glucose, which is broken down to produce ATP.

Study Guide: Muscular System and Muscle Metabolism

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