Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of CRISPR-Cas systems in prokaryotes, as illustrated in the first image?

Accepted Answer

To protect against viral infection by recognizing and cutting foreign DNA

Question 2

Which step in the CRISPR-Cas mechanism involves the integration of viral DNA into the bacterial genome?

Accepted Answer

Insertion of phage DNA as a spacer into the CRISPR array

Question 3

In the context of recombinant DNA technology, what is the main advantage of using cDNA synthesized by reverse transcriptase?

Accepted Answer

cDNA lacks introns, allowing for expression in prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a typical use of synthetic nucleic acids in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing restriction enzymes

Question 5

Restriction enzymes are essential tools in recombinant DNA technology because they:

Accepted Answer

Cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences

Question 6

Which property is NOT required for a molecule to be considered a suitable vector in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Large enough to carry entire chromosomes

Question 7

During the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the purpose of the denaturation step at $$94^\circ C$$?

Accepted Answer

To separate double-stranded DNA into single strands

Question 8

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

Electrical charge, size, and shape

Question 9

Which technique, as shown in the second image, is used to monitor gene expression and diagnose infections by detecting complementary DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

DNA microarray

Question 10

A scientist wants to insert a gene into a bacterial cell using an artificial method. Which of the following techniques could be used?

Accepted Answer

Electroporation

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Production of transgenic plants with herbicide tolerance

Question 12

Why is the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin gene in crops considered beneficial?

Accepted Answer

It provides resistance to insect pests without harming humans

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern associated with recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Routine genetic screening and privacy rights

Question 14

A patient’s blood sample is tested for the presence of a pathogen’s unique gene sequence. Which recombinant DNA technology application is being used?

Accepted Answer

Medical diagnosis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cDNA libraries are useful for expressing eukaryotic genes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain only exons, which can be translated by prokaryotes

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation, priming, extension

Question 17

What is the main concern regarding the transfer of genes from transgenic plants to other organisms?

Accepted Answer

It could cause harmless organisms to become pathogenic

Question 18

Which of the following is a limitation of gene therapy as a treatment for genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to deliver a functioning gene into enough cells to affect the disease

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of Cas proteins in the CRISPR-Cas system?

Accepted Answer

They guide the CRISPR RNA to the target DNA and cleave it

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct application of DNA microarrays in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Diagnosing infections by detecting pathogen-specific gene sequences

Recombinant DNA Technology: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

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