Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of neutrophils in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Engulf microorganisms, abnormal cells, and foreign particles by phagocytosis

Question 2

A patient presents with a parasitic infection and tissue damage due to an allergic reaction. Which leukocyte is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of basophils?

Accepted Answer

Secrete chemical mediators of inflammation and allergic reactions

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for secreting cytokines and engulfing microorganisms by phagocytosis after migrating into tissues?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte (which differentiates into a macrophage)

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Engulf bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They act as antigen-presenting cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following tissues is considered a central lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of peripheral lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

Trapping microorganisms and exposing them to high concentrations of leukocytes

Question 9

Which of the following is a first line of defense mechanism in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Physical barrier provided by the skin

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the function of lysozyme in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It destroys bacterial cell walls by hydrolyzing peptidoglycan bonds

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the mucociliary escalator?

Accepted Answer

A process where mucus and trapped pathogens are transported away from the lungs by cilia

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Adherence → Ingestion → Fusion with lysosome → Killing → Elimination

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the complement protein C3b?

Accepted Answer

Acts as an opsonin, enhancing phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It forms pores in the pathogen membrane, leading to cell lysis

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of histamine release during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood flow and redness at the site of injury

Question 16

A patient with a genetic deficiency in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) would most likely have impaired recognition of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of interferons alpha and beta?

Accepted Answer

They protect uninfected neighboring cells by inducing antiviral proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely outcome of fever induced by pyrogens?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced activity of immune cells and inhibition of pathogen growth

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why normal microbiota are considered part of the first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogens for nutrients and space, inhibiting pathogen colonization

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency in C5 complement protein would most likely have impaired formation of which structure, and what would be the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Membrane attack complex (MAC); reduced cell lysis of pathogens

The Innate Immune System: Structure and Function

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