Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by promoting calcium absorption from the kidneys, intestines, and bones?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia. Laboratory results show elevated TSH and low free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism regulating thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

High T3 and T4 levels inhibit TSH release

Question 4

A patient with a history of head trauma develops polyuria, polydipsia, and a urine specific gravity of 1.002. Which test would best confirm the suspected diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Fluid deprivation test

Question 5

Which of the following is a common complication of untreated hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

Question 6

A patient with SIADH is at greatest risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 7

Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with Addison disease?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

Question 8

A patient with Cushing syndrome is most likely to exhibit which of the following clinical features?

Accepted Answer

Moon face and truncal obesity

Question 9

Which of the following medications is used to inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the management of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Methimazole

Question 10

A patient with a pituitary tumor presents with visual disturbances and headaches. Which imaging study is most appropriate to evaluate the extent of the tumor?

Accepted Answer

MRI of the brain

Question 11

Which of the following is the primary hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 12

A patient with a history of thyroidectomy develops numbness, tingling, and carpopedal spasm. Which laboratory finding would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Low serum calcium

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why patients with Addison disease require increased corticosteroid doses during periods of stress?

Accepted Answer

Stress increases the body's demand for glucocorticoids

Question 14

A patient with pheochromocytoma is being prepared for surgery. Which preoperative medication is most important to administer to prevent intraoperative hypertensive crisis?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-adrenergic blocker

Question 15

Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for a patient with SIADH?

Accepted Answer

Monitor daily weights and fluid balance

Question 16

A patient with suspected diabetes insipidus undergoes a fluid deprivation test. After 8 hours, the urine remains dilute and the patient is still thirsty. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Inability to concentrate urine due to ADH deficiency

Question 17

Which of the following is a major risk when abruptly discontinuing long-term exogenous glucocorticoid therapy?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal insufficiency

Question 18

A patient with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is most likely to develop which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 19

Which of the following findings is most characteristic of Graves disease?

Accepted Answer

Exophthalmos and tachycardia

Question 20

A patient with a history of nephrolithiasis, bone pain, and psychiatric symptoms is found to have elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Chapter 46: Assessment and Management of Patients with Endocrine Disorders

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