Q: A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a cell. What type of reaction is this, and what is the energy outcome?

Decomposition reaction; energy is released ($$\text{exergonic})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between negative and positive feedback mechanisms in homeostatic control?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback opposes the original stimulus to maintain stability, while positive feedback amplifies the stimulus to drive processes to completion.

Question 2

A patient is unable to sweat due to a genetic disorder. Which property of water is most directly affected in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

High heat of vaporization

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Body is erect, feet together, arms at sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.

Question 4

Which of the following directional terms means 'away from the midline of the body'?

Accepted Answer

Lateral

Question 5

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a cell. What type of reaction is this, and what is the energy outcome?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction; energy is released ($$	ext{exergonic})$$

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids for export or delivery to other organelles

Question 9

Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption and secretion and lines most of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 10

A patient has a torn ligament. Which type of connective tissue is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 11

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs within closed body cavities.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbons, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable and contains embedded proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the primary energy transfer molecule by phosphorylation of other compounds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is striated, branched, and contains intercalated discs.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes to break down particles and worn-out organelles.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about connective tissue fibers?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and recoil, while collagen fibers provide tensile strength.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a type of endocytosis where large solid particles are engulfed by the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the organization of the human body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms combine to form molecules, which form organelles, then cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally the organism.

Anatomy & Physiology 1: Exam Review Chapters 1–4 Study Guide

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