Question 1

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine signals affect the cell that secreted them, while paracrine signals affect nearby cells.

Question 3

Which of the following is a steroid-based hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Eicosanoids are derived from which fatty acid and serve what function?

Accepted Answer

Derived from arachidonic acid; act as local signaling molecules in inflammation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Question 6

What is the primary function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

To deliver hypothalamic hormones directly to the anterior pituitary

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of hormonal antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon regulating blood glucose

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma protein

Question 9

Which process describes the formation of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoiesis

Question 10

A patient with type A blood receives type B blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The patient's immune system will attack the transfused blood, causing agglutination.

Question 11

Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for fighting parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 12

What is the role of the Rh factor in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

The mother's anti-Rh antibodies attack the Rh-positive fetal red blood cells.

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the cAMP second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

A hormone binds to a receptor, activating a G protein, which then activates adenylate cyclase to convert ATP to cAMP.

Question 15

Which gland secretes melatonin?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the relay of a water-soluble hormone signal?

Accepted Answer

Hormone → Membrane receptor → G protein → Enzyme → Second messenger

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and helps regulate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the permissive effect in hormone interactions?

Accepted Answer

One hormone cannot exert its full effect without another hormone being present.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues

Question 20

A patient with a deficiency in which hormone would most likely experience decreased calcium levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Anatomy & Physiology II Exam Study Guide – Endocrine System & Hematology

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