Question 1

Which type of membrane channel is depicted in the image, characterized by a continuous open pore that allows ions to move freely across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Leakage (non-gated) channel

Question 2

Which glial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Question 3

A patient presents with muscle weakness and tremors. Which neurodegenerative disorder is most likely, and which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease; dopaminergic system

Question 4

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving synaptic inputs from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 5

What is the main difference between continuous and saltatory conduction of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Continuous conduction is slower and occurs along unmyelinated axons, while saltatory conduction is faster and occurs along myelinated axons.

Question 6

Which type of neuron carries information from the peripheral tissues to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Question 8

Which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 9

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

Question 10

Which type of channel opens in response to a specific signaling molecule binding to it?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated channel

Question 11

During an action potential, what is the phase called when the membrane potential becomes more positive due to sodium influx?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 12

Which structure of the neuron is the site where the action potential is typically initiated?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the blood-brain barrier

Question 14

Which type of postsynaptic potential makes a neuron more likely to fire an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the cholinergic system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 16

Which type of receptor is directly associated with a G protein and initiates a signaling cascade inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metabotropic receptor

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the absolute refractory period?

Accepted Answer

A period when no new action potential can be initiated, regardless of stimulus strength

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 19

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system and has multiple dendrites and a single axon?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the node of Ranvier in action potential propagation?

Accepted Answer

It allows for saltatory conduction by enabling action potentials to jump between nodes.

Anatomy & Physiology Nervous System Study Guide

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