Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the muscularis externa layer of the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty absorbing vitamin B12. Which gastric cell type is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers from the lumen outward in the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 4

During swallowing, which structure prevents food from entering the nasopharynx?

Accepted Answer

Soft palate

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 6

A patient has a blockage at the ileocecal valve. Which two regions of the GI tract are directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Ileum and large intestine

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the greater omentum?

Accepted Answer

Covers and protects abdominal organs, stores fat, and contains immune cells

Question 8

Which phase of gastric secretion is primarily triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Question 9

Which of the following structures increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in Brunner's glands would most likely have difficulty with which process?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing acidic chyme in the duodenum

Question 11

Which nerve is primarily responsible for stimulating salivation in response to the taste or smell of food?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerve VII (facial)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Adjacent segments of the GI tract contract and relax, propelling food distally

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesentery?

Accepted Answer

Secretes digestive enzymes

Question 14

Which cell type in the gastric glands secretes pepsinogen?

Accepted Answer

Chief cells

Question 15

A patient with a damaged myenteric plexus would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired GI tract motility

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why salivary amylase stops working in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

It is denatured by the acidic pH of the stomach

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of segmentation in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Mixes chyme with digestive juices and increases contact with mucosa

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of enterogastrones released during the intestinal phase?

Accepted Answer

Decrease gastric acid secretion and motility

Question 19

Which of the following is the main function of the circular folds (plicae circulares) in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption and slow chyme movement

Question 20

A patient with a genetic defect in the production of defensins and lysozyme in the small intestine would most likely have impaired function of which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Paneth cells

Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Structure, Function, and Histology

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